Nations With A System Of Liberal Democracy - 1734 Words

Nations with a system of liberal democracy have a hope to achieve a structure of government that benefits all citizens equally (Callan, p. 1, 2004). However, countries that claim to be liberal representative democracies (such as the United States, New Zealand, and the Britain) have failed to be representative of all the citizens. Due to historical occurrences, traditional gender roles, and lack of activism from the elite (white men in positions of power), women have been denied their natural human rights and, as a result, their full potential to become active in the political sphere. As mentioned by Anne Phillips in Engendering Democracy, â€Å"[s]ex remains a significant†¦indicator of where and how much we are politically involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (99). This†¦show more content†¦By assuming â€Å"men† and â€Å"citizens† can be used interchangeably, we are excluding women from documents that directly talk about equality and freedom in liberal democracies. T his shows how separation of men and women rank is ingrained in our society. This is not limited to the United States. Many leading liberal democracies, such as the United Kingdom, have documentation that uses the word â€Å"men† when referring to the nation’s citizens (Bill of Rights, 1689). Today, there lies a separation of the capabilities of men and women in the minds of some. This is based on a false understanding of gender roles, where women must ‘live up to’ their role of a procreating mother. As Anne Phillips explains in Engendering Democracy society has programmed young minds to think it is the women’s duty to â€Å"†¦[collect] the children and [make] the tea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this truly is â€Å"a vital political concern† (Phillips, 97). The issue lies in status quo, which the elite continue to apply in nations worldwide. By training young minds to believe they have a specific role to live up to, we are resisting citizenâ€℠¢s natural growth and are instead demanding citizens to follow what has always been done. Women are told to complete household and family duties while men are told to go into the workforce and bring in an income and support his family. This system of patriarchy allows men to becomeShow MoreRelatedLiberal Democracies Vs. Liberal Democracy Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal democracies, are defined as the system in which governmental body operate under the principle of individual rights and work to protect them regardless of religion, sect, ethnicity etc. Liberal democracies are thought to be secular in nature and generally do not account for religions or ethnicities rather they promote a certain nationalistic perspective throughout the state. Laws are made through majority vote in the parliament and are meant to be logical in nature rather than derived fromRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 PagesIs democracy-promotion a mask for hege monic power? Should liberal democracies impose their principles, values and ideals upon less democratic states? Hegemony is the concept meaning primacy of the leading state over the subordinate states without the use of any direct forms of violence (invasion, occupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracyRead MoreExploring the Differences Between Liberal Democratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems1246 Words   |  5 PagesExploring the Differences Between Liberal Democratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems Defining political systems is a difficult thing to do as no single system is completely static, they often change dependant on things like war and trends in regimes, such as the recent insurgence in ‘liberal democracies’ means that the classifications of systems changes over time. The British Westminster system is considered to be a ‘liberal democracy’ however in the Second WorldRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 Pagesapplied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. 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To this end, modernization theory involves the belief that by adopting principles of wealthy nations, such as technology and mass cultureRead MorePower And Wealth Spheres From The North And North East And South ( Ikenberry )1591 Words   |  7 Pagescultural, political and economic experiences gives way to the belief that the liberal world order is ending (Ikenberry, 57). However, Ikenberry dismisses this thought, as he believes that emerging great powers will want to maintain the basic rules and principles of the liberal world order (Ikenberry, 57). Ikenberry asserts that the power transition of North and the West to the East and the South is not the end of the liberal order but i ts ascendance (Ikenberry, 57). Furthermore, he has confidence thatRead MoreThe Future of Freedom1075 Words   |  5 Pagesmust make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakarias book, he warns the readers of several telltale signs that their process toward a liberal democracyRead MoreThe Characteristics Of The Liberal Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics of the liberal theory, which highlights the ideas of democracy, free trade, multilateral cooperation and a rule-based international society that respects sovereignty and human rights (Introduction to Global Politics), to establish an state of freedom and justice, we can clear ly identify Japan as a liberal state. I would also divide the liberal theory in four different approaches: first, into the multilateral cooperation and acceptance of the international law and international system. Second, theRead More The Future of Freedom1081 Words   |  5 Pagesmust make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakaria’s book, he warns the readers of several telltale signs that their process toward a liberal democracyRead MoreSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pageselections, while failing to ensure the guarantee of liberties that are essential for the nation to flourish and prosper— is insufficient for a nation to be called democratic. In today’s world, what Zakaria considers â€Å"the democratic age,† most of American foreign policy visa-vie actors around the world is based on the premise that we are willing to prop, negotiate, and support nations that practice democracy. But the term is being used too loosely, declining in value, and essentially becoming meaningless

French Revolution Research Essay Rough Draft - 1096 Words

Caitlin Pekrul Mr.Slawson Honors World History 11 May 2016 French Revolution Research Essay Rough Draft France during the 1780s was under the control of King Louis XVI which led to the economy, political state and social state to struggle. The people were being taxed heavily, they were not allowed a say in their government, and were born into the jobs they had. The French wanted a change in the government which ultimately started the French Revolution. A revolution is the overthrowing of a government or ruler by the governed and then substituting another. The people of France were tired of their poorly led government and wanted things to be different. Although there were many causes of the French Revolution, because of the economy, the political state, and the social aspect the French Revolution began. Through 1756 to 1783, France participated in the seven years war which lead to France being in extreme debt. The American Revolution and the Seven Years war took a toll on France and took all of its money leading the country and monarchy to be in extreme debt. (fsmitha.com). The government started heavily taxing the common people in order to take care of the money they owed the aristocrats and other lenders (fsmitha.com). During the 1780s, taxation was becoming a significant problem and was inefficient and unfair. The higher classes in France such as the nobility and clergy heavily taxed the lower class but refused to contribute to the tax revenue evenShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 ManagementRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: IntegraRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagespossible for the dynamic present and unpredictable future environment of HRM. All research has been updated and examples have been kept as current as possible considering the timeline necessary for publishing a textbook. Some examples will undoubtedly change quickly and unexpectedly. Please consider this an opportunity to research how and why these changes took place and their implications for HRM. Many sources for research and updates have been included in the chapter content and HRM Workshop learning

The Importance of Workplace Mentors-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How do you think that you could benefit from having mentor during the initial years of your Professional Employment? 2.Provide details of 2 activities that you are going to undertake as part of your Professional Career Planning. Answers: 1.Guidance of a mentor during the initial years of employment is very important and useful as well. A senior and an experienced colleague, who plays the role of a mentor, can deliver invaluable help and suggestion to a new employee in the beginning of his or her Career. A new employee generally knows very little about his/her work and standard of working and is prone in doing mistakes (Kupersmidt and Rhodes 2014). A mentor can guide these employees through these situations and help them in learning and growing inside the organization. The advantage of having a mentor in the workplace is that the new employee makes fewer mistakes in the job cutting the losses of the employer. Moreover, the guidance of a mentor helps the employer to be a self-directed individual and develop stronger communication and problem solving skill. In professions like IT help desk, guidance of a mentor helps the new employee in understanding the issues of the computer systems, hardware and software (Abbajay 201 3). They also guide the employees in installing and repairing the system and answering the customers query in a proper manner. This will help in excelling in the job and in learning new things and processes more effective and quickly. 2.Two activities that can be undertaken as a professional career planning are attending ACS events and gaining accreditation in specific technical areas such as in computer networking. Australian Computer Society or ACS is an association of information and communication technology (ICT) profession in Australia. ACS helps its members in realizing their ambition in relation to their profession. ACS is passionate in identifying the professionalism and developing the ICT skills of an individual (Bernus and Nemes 2013). Therefore, ACS will definitely be a great help in the progression of the professional career. ACS promotes the development of the information and communication technology resources of Australia and thus it will provide a considerable help in career planning. ACS will provide the guidance of choosing further jobs in accordance to the profession and will help in applying for the perfect job as well. Gaining accreditation offers the opportunity of continuous improvements as accreditation is a proof that an individual has met certain standards and criteria of the program. Accreditation assures that the professional has a sturdy educational foundation and these helps in getting new job opportunities and bagging a better job (Meyer and Leonard 2014). Gaining accreditation also signifies that the individual has expertise in a particular field. This is a proof of experience of an individual in his or her field of expertise and thus it will help be a considerable help in the professional career. Thus gaining accreditation in the field of expertise can be considered for future benefits in the career and to get job opportunities according to the area of expertise. Moreover, an accreditation will help in obtaining the preference in job application, as it is a proof of expertise in that particular field. Thus gaining an accreditation in networking is anticipated and needed. References Abbajay, M., 2013. The working life: the importance of workplace mentors. Bernus, P. and Nemes, L. eds., 2013.Modelling and methodologies for enterprise integration: proceedings of the IFIP TC5 Working Conference on Models and Methodologies for Enterprise Integration, Queensland, Australia, November 1995. Springer. Kupersmidt, J.B. and Rhodes, J.E., 2014. Mentor training.Handbook of youth mentoring, pp.439-456. Meyer, A.L. and Leonard, A., 2014. Are we there yet? En route to professionalism.Public Relations Review,40(2), pp.375-386.

Writing A Research Proposal Guidelines

How To Write A Research Proposal And Get The Best Grade Just when you thought writing essays was getting to be a bit too much, now your professors are asking you to write proposals to write essays. This can feel quite debilitating especially if you don’t know how to write a research proposal. To start, academic writing comes in several shapes and sizes. You’ll be required to learn many citation formats, meet ridiculous word counts on empty subjects and somehow do it without accidentally plagiarizing anything in the process. If you’re exhausted from meeting all these particularities, help is on the way. We’ve assembled this intuitive research paper guide to get you writing a paper proposal like a pro! We’ve covered all major details from developing a research plan to delivering an effective presentation to get your work approved. Read on to get the edge you need and overcome this challenge. What Is A Research Proposal? In addition to yet more work a research proposal actually is quite important. It demonstrates that you understand the topic at stake and you can properly set a plan of action to investigate your proposal questions. Your text also indicates why the research is worthwhile. After graduating, often you’ll need to make a case to initiate a project. This is an integral part of working in the sciences, particularly when you’ll need to request resources for your work. Therefore, it is important you take the time to develop your academic proposal skills for your future career. How To Write A Proposal For A Research Paper? Okay so let’s delve into the details. Our guide will walk you through each section and hit upon the main requirements found in a typical paper proposal. Your instructor may have some preferences so be sure to always follow those as well as the formatting guidelines for the required citation style. Many students who want to save time, skip over this part and opt to buy a research proposal from professional writers. This allows them to get a head start with their research and a great strategy to manage your deadlines. You’ll buy time to work on the actual paper instead of being bogged down in the details. Research Proposal Format The format for your assignment is largely dictated by the set citation style. By now you should be familiar with a couple of the common styles such as APA or MLA. Some style guides require a title page or a running head while others do not. Also, pay attention to the font you use for your scientific proposal all style require a legible font and may have spacing and margin guidelines. Research Proposal Abstract In the academic community the abstract is what sells your paper. It is a brief synopsis of the questions you aim to explore as well as the current state of knowledge. Many professors will first read the abstract to get a snapshot of what your text contains. A well written abstract will be concise, yet interesting which can be a hard balance to strike, especially if writing is not your strong suit. Initiate interest by giving an overview of the current state of knowledge and how you plan to contribute to it. This will go a long way in building interest for your work. The abstract will also guide the reader to jump to points of interest in your paper. Mention key elements of your planned work and how you plan to tackle these questions. Research Paper Proposal Outline The outline is the backbone of your text. It will help streamline your ideas and how to put them together in a completed work. Many students neglect writing a research paper outline, but a proper outline gives general topic headings you’ll include in the paper. The best advantage of this, is you’ll save time by connecting your research how you’ll proceed with writing. With a visual of how to conduct your research most efficiently, you won’t have to revisit sources multiple times. You’ll also be able to start writing your paper at any point and don’t need to go from beginning to end. Research Proposal Structure There are a few key sections for your research topic proposal. Here is a run down of the sections to include in your paper. Introduction – A few parts of the intro is your lead-in, background information, and your thesis statement. Start your lead-in with an introduction that garners interest with a strong hook. You may quote a controversial statistic you plan to investigate or a question your peers often ask themselves about a contemporary subject. This will setup a strong transition for any background information on the topic which will then follow with your thesis statement. Your thesis is the basis of your paper and should be relevant through the entire text including your conclusion. Literature review – Here you demonstrate your knowledge on your subject. Mention texts you’ve read and how they reinforce the background of your topic proposal and especially any knowledge gaps that serve as a driver for your research. Methodology – Scientific work must be based on logical conclusions and the only way to have consistent and accurate data is through proper technique. In this section detail what experiments or studies you plan to conduct. Ensure your methods are logical and on point with your thesis statement. When another scientist reads your methods, they should be able to duplicate your tests and obtain similar results. Expected Results – It may not seem possible to indicate the expected results, especially when venturing into unknown territory. But with solid background knowledge, you’ll be able to formulate a hypothesis of what to expect. Certainly the results of many college proposal have differed in practice, so don’t get discouraged if your expected results deviate from reality. You’ll have plenty of time to document the discrepancies in your actual paper. Conclusion – Don’t wing this. The conclusion is what leaves the reader with an impression so make it memorable. Restate your thesis, why it is important and what you aim to achieve. Give a consolidated summary to persuade your professor to approve your topic. Research Proposal Topics When you write a research proposal you may be stuck trying to find the best topic that will be interesting and have sufficient material to develop your paper for a high grade. The key here is to be relevant. You may have a pet subject you’re passionate about, but if doesn’t appeal to the larger audience, your paper will likely be rejected. A good tip is to check with academic publications in your field and see what questions leading researchers are working on. This will provide a blueprint that is relevant to your studies and greatly improve the chances of your work being approved. Research Proposal Presentation Tips When you pitch your proposal, nothing sells better than confidence. Take time to prepare and think of any questions your audience may ask. You may find it useful to practice with friends and ask for feedback how you can improve the delivery. Ask what they like, or dislike and if they have any questions. It is important to give a good impression as to why your work is important and the questions you will explore. Include a list of visual aids to encourage interest in your work. A few graphs to indicate a problem as well as an explanation of how you intend to solve it will work well to keep your audience engaged and follow your presentation. Professors appreciate the effort you put into your proposal so do not neglect this step. Students who craft the best proposals are seen more serious and are given more authority to follow their passions instead of towing the line with the curriculum. Show that you have what it takes to be a lead scientist in your discipline with a well crafted proposal. And as always, if you find yourself a rock in a hard place, our professional writers are always available to help you put together a high quality proposal at a moments notice.

Sony And Marketing Essays - Marketing, Sony, Societal Marketing

Sony And Marketing Essays - Marketing, Sony, Societal Marketing Sony and Marketing WHAT MARKETING IS: The primary concern or objective of marketing is to identify and satisfy, or exceed the changing needs of customers. In view of this broad concern of marketing, it can be seen that the concept of marketing encapsulates many activities in a business. Marketing, in fact, refers to any activity undertaken by a firm that has been designed to plan, price, promote and distribute ideas, goods and services to target markets. These marketing activities were executed in order to create exchange, that is sales, that will result in the achievement of the proprietors' individual goals and the firm's goals, both in the short-term and the long-term. It is then obvious that marketing forms an integral component of any business's operations. In particular marketing activities attempt to increase a firms' revenue base, by placing an emphasis on enticing potential customers in target markets to purchase the firms' products in order to satisfy their wants, rather than those of firm's competitors. Consequently, the marketing directly contributes to the attainment of the financial goals of the firm. Hence, the success of a firm is reliant upon the extent to which it is able to identify, and satisfy or exceed the customer's needs more effectively and efficiently relative to its competitors vying for the same markets. Marketing as an activity that entails several features, all of which are presented during the course of the marketing process. Such features include, firstly and most importantly, that marketing is a comprehensive process that begins with the creation of an idea and ends up as product that will be sold to satisfy a customer's needs. Secondly, marketing is seen as a managerial process as it involves making managerial decisions about the particular mix of product, price, place and promotion in a firm. Furthermore, marketing involves managers planning and ensuring that particular sequenced activities are carried out, in order for the marketing plan to be successful. Finally, marketing is perceived as a way in which firms are able to satisfy the needs of customers, and in turn achieve their own business goals. APPROACHES TO MARKETING: Marketing provides the business with the ability to satisfy the changing wants of customers. In light of this, and the fact that businesses have become increasingly aware of the role that marketing plays in achieving success in the business, several approaches or philosophies to marketing have developed. There are five central approaches to marketing, with the use of a specific marketing approach/s depends upon particular business's marketing strategy and the type of product being marketed. These different approaches are: Marketing Concept: this approach believes that customer's want-satisfaction is the economic and social reason for an organisation's existence. This approach stipulates that all of the business's activities should be targeted towards meeting consumer wants, while at the same time meeting the organisation's goals. In effect, this approach requires that the firm finds out what the customer wants, and subsequently develops a product to meet these requirements and then sell it at a profit. Production Concept: this approach states that the business will sell its product if it is both well made and affordable. Businesses utilising this approach require management to focus on improving production techniques and cost structures of the business. Consequently, this approach does not place emphasis on customer want-satisfaction. Product Concept: this approach has the attitude that 'product is king' and focuses on the quality, features, and performance of the product. This approach believes that if the product has more features or is of a better quality and performance compared to competitors, it will then gain greater sales. This approach is not customer want-satisfaction oriented. Selling Concept: this approach focuses on developing sales techniques and promotional activities in order to entice customers into buying an organisation's product, whether they want it or not. Therefore this approach places direct emphasis on customers, but, possibly not on their want-satisfaction. Societal Marketing Concept: this is the latest marketing approach, it combines the main ideas of the marketing approach, that is, determining customer needs and satisfying the business's goals, but also integrates social responsibility into the business. This social responsibility includes increasing environmental awareness, which may include tackling the problems of pollution and the exploitation of non-renewable resources. Modern day businesses are

Free Essays on Exploring The Affect Society Has On The Shaping Of Human Behavior

There are numerous aspects of social interaction used in the shaping of social relationships. For the purpose of this paper, I thoroughly examined the theories of â€Å"Self-perception† and â€Å"Social perception â€Å"I decided to focus on the views given by Sociologist’s Erving Goffman and Charles Darwin throughout chapter four. According to sociologist Erving Goffman, social interaction should be compared to a theatrical performance, with the members of society playing the roles of actors or actresses. Performers often worry and stress prior to going on stage. They worry about what the spectators will think? Will they ever get another role? How will they know if the spectators like their performance, and if they don’t what will happen to their career? Goffman believes â€Å"self-presenters sometimes worry about being judged incompetent; they often rehearse prior to their performance†. However, performers are not the only individuals who are self -presenters. Society is full of norms and rules that are socially acceptable or unacceptable. These societal norms shape and mold the behavior of human behavior throughout society. Individuals, who try to fit into those norms and rules, often find themselves rehearsing their roles and behavior. For example, applicants going for job interviews often rehearse what they will, and will not say in the interview. An applicant also observes the interviewers body language and responses, in order to figure out if they are being accepted or rejected. Goffman, gives the example of an individual preparing â€Å"for a romantic dinner date, for instance, you might purchase your date’s favorite wine, splash on some enticing cologne, and bring a romantic CD as a gift (the props) that will later be played at the right moment to properly set that stage for your romantic self-presentation. You might even practice your romantic gazes and postures in front of a mirror or rehearse a romantic speech beforehand† (... Free Essays on Exploring The Affect Society Has On The Shaping Of Human Behavior Free Essays on Exploring The Affect Society Has On The Shaping Of Human Behavior There are numerous aspects of social interaction used in the shaping of social relationships. For the purpose of this paper, I thoroughly examined the theories of â€Å"Self-perception† and â€Å"Social perception â€Å"I decided to focus on the views given by Sociologist’s Erving Goffman and Charles Darwin throughout chapter four. According to sociologist Erving Goffman, social interaction should be compared to a theatrical performance, with the members of society playing the roles of actors or actresses. Performers often worry and stress prior to going on stage. They worry about what the spectators will think? Will they ever get another role? How will they know if the spectators like their performance, and if they don’t what will happen to their career? Goffman believes â€Å"self-presenters sometimes worry about being judged incompetent; they often rehearse prior to their performance†. However, performers are not the only individuals who are self -presenters. Society is full of norms and rules that are socially acceptable or unacceptable. These societal norms shape and mold the behavior of human behavior throughout society. Individuals, who try to fit into those norms and rules, often find themselves rehearsing their roles and behavior. For example, applicants going for job interviews often rehearse what they will, and will not say in the interview. An applicant also observes the interviewers body language and responses, in order to figure out if they are being accepted or rejected. Goffman, gives the example of an individual preparing â€Å"for a romantic dinner date, for instance, you might purchase your date’s favorite wine, splash on some enticing cologne, and bring a romantic CD as a gift (the props) that will later be played at the right moment to properly set that stage for your romantic self-presentation. You might even practice your romantic gazes and postures in front of a mirror or rehearse a romantic speech beforehand† (...

Ping Pong and China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ping Pong and China - Essay Example The game is of low intensity since little physical activity is needed. The game also have become more of men’s championship since 1959. Ping pong became an Olympic sport in 1988 (Hong, 2008). Ping pong grew rapidly in China and became the main game due to several reasons. The main reason as to the popularity of the game was due to its low cost making it affordable to many. There is no professional training that was required and this made everyone being able to participate (Memphis, 2010). The country also contributed much in the popularity with Chairman Mao’s promotion on the game. He loved and played the game and wanted to make sure that the game was recognized. The country also had gold medal rush that was in favor of the game hence the popularity. The country also had glory on the game making it more popular (Griffin, 2004). The game has been the official one to the Chinese since 1950s and has from then has given china a taste of national glory. In national Olympics, china has won twenty three out of the twenty seven medals making it feel like the game has been china’s. China as a nation has focused less on other games rather than ping pong marking it not become a marginal country (Griffin, 2004). The game in china has symbolized and also played a direct role in the fate of the nation. It did this by absorbing the game from the imperial power and then they made it their own. Mao Zedong declared the game, ping pong the national sport for China. In the championships, China won its first victory in 1959 after defeating japan in the final stage. Popularity of the game in China has grown since 1988 (Hong, 2008). In 2008 the China team won both the medals, gold, silver and bronze in both the men and women category singles and again won gold and silver in both doubles. The winning of the medals then became regular for the players. When they first competed they dominated the dominated the world championship. This success made the

Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council Research Paper

Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council - Research Paper Example Alexander’s position†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 4.3 The debate results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦10 5.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......11 6.0 Bibliography..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Athanasius and Arius in light of Nicaea council 1.0 Introduction The development of the Trinity doctrine might be said to have been the refi nement’s history of philosophical and terms categories. The proper terminology could be said to have been the primary ecumenical council’s issue of the 4th and 5th centuries, together with the thought precision as well as the philosophical categories that had been used in order to mark the Christological and Trinitarian doctrines. Nicaea council may be said to have the Jesus deity question although might have resulted to a further dissent as regards the divine and human natures of Jesus. The issues may be said to have sprouted within a doctrine’s expression at Chalcedon (Leithart, 426). The impressive debate and thought that swept over the Councils of Chalcedon and Nicaea might have come up with biblically sound and intellectually virtuous doctrines. Bruce F. F. may be noted to express the significance of an accurate language within the respective creeds. From these, it might be crucial to mention that the development of doctrines may require extremely rigorous, intellectual skills together with sound philosophic categories in order to make accurate use of the revelation from God. Thomas Torrance may also have been noted to underscore the significance of making use of intelligent reasoning into theology in order to ensure that God’s rationality spreads its maximal light on the entire area covered by the human knowledge and experience. The fight for clarity as regards thoughts and terms within the orthodoxy expression of Christology and the Trinity may also be said to be characterized by the soundness of its philosophy. The rational doctrines’ development might be considered a considerable example that relates creative interchange between philosophy and theology where both of these doctrines may be said to be equally significant. 1 2. 0Thesis statement This paper would like to review Arius and Athanasius issues in the light of Nicaea Council. In order to have a clear understanding of the context and depth of the happenings, I would like to review two key questions throughout my essay: How can Origen’s view of the relationship between the Incarnate Logos and the supreme God be understood? Athanasius and Arius held different stands on this issue. Which of these stands coheres with the Bible? Which of these stands can present the purpose of God in his salvation offered by His own Son? 3.0 Oregon’s contribution Improper and inefficient exegesis might be said to have been the key cause for the heresies, which arose immediately after the church’s early period. The persons’ plurality’s denial often referred to as Monarchianism within the trinity might be said to have limited its citations only towards the texts which might have taught individuals concerning God’s unity yet neglecting the texts that might have implied his real yet inadequately modal trinity. Arius may be said to have tracked down the second

No Advertising Essay Example for Free

No Advertising Essay â€Å"What do I wear in bed? Chanel N °5, of course. †Marilyn Monroe mentioned in her interview in 19521. When referring to fragrance, it is hard not to mention Chanel N °5, due to its uniqueness, longevity and popularity, it is associated by others with women, famous and not famous, who have worn it in different eras over its decades. Chanel N °5 is the first perfume launched by CoCo Chanel in 19202, it is not only one of the world’s top selling perfumes3 but also represent a world of fantasy and reflection of the desire and pleasure of the time period. ?Prior to the introduction of magazine, newspaper is the main communication source of information and advertising in the society4. At that time period, it is one of the most effective method for advertisings to enter the house of consumer since the limitation of technological development of radio and television have not yet been discovered. Different from newspaper, magazine does not aim to target everyone, it often has very specific group of target group, presenting information and areas of interest that its target group would enjoy. In the early age of magazine, there was a great emphasize in targeting elite class of the society, which be seen from extremely informative full page of texts. After a realization of increasing number of middle class and immigrants, magazine shifted its target from the elite to middle class5, which lead to the necessity of the use of imagery to communicate. Editors of magazine has shift from elite man with a background of mostly literature to middle class man with a background relating to merchandise. Magazine realized that the profits are not made through subscriptions, but through companies market their products by buying spaces in the issue6. Advertisement in magazines has become one of the most prominent method of marketing or in another word, methods of creating desire. Chanel has always been featured their advertisement in leading female fashion related magazine such as Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar and Elle. This essay will explore the comparison of Chanel N °5 fragrance magazine advertisement from a different time period of 49 years in relationship to the cultural shift and the impact of advertisement from self satisfaction to sexual attraction which represents through values hold in gender, stereotypes, lifestyle, desire and fantasy. The two advertisements that will be used to analyze are the magazine ads of the famous Chanel N °5 perfume. ‘Chanel becomes the woman you are’ print ad in 1959 (Fig1) starring Suzy Parker, one of the most recognizable faces of the 1950s as a supermodel and actress. Suzy Parker was the signature face for Coco Chanel as she has always been associated with elegance and glamour7. The dominant part of the advertisement presents a black and white dreamy photograph of Suzy Parker in a beautiful evening gown with the perfect hair and make up, glancing slightly away from the viewers. The ads also features the well known bottle/ product, Chanel N °5 as a secondary focus with a tag line ‘Chanel becomes the woman you are’ with a paragraph expanding on it: ‘A perfume is different on different women because every woman has a skin chemistry all her own. Chanel N °5 is subtly created to blend with your own delicate essence- to be like Chanel N °5, yet deliciously like you alone. Chanel becomes you because it becomes you. ’. Similarly in one of the contemporary most famous campaign for Chanel N °5 in 2004 (Fig2), Nicole Kidman, a talented and beautiful Australian actress who enters the hollywood famously known for her elegant beauty8 was enlisted to represent the fragrance. The technological development of film, television and recent main information communication and sharing method, the internet, allow advertising to go beyond just a printed page enter to the phrase of story telling. The 2004 Nicole Kidman advertisement has a direct connection to the campaign of a mini-movie/ film which everyone has access through various sources. Due to the popularity of internet and information sharing, it is not a difficult for viewers who see the ads in the magazine to recall and connect the story in the film to print ads, allowing Chanel to create a full advertising campaign which successfully tell a story of the world famous star, Nicole Kidman, who escape from the publicity and fall in love with a stranger. The last scene of the film is used in the print ad, displaying Nicole Kidman when she returns back to her world, with a dialogue: ‘And then she was gone, as she forgotten, i know i will not her kiss, her smile and her perfume’9. The film does not mentioned any word about or show viewers what the perfume it was, the only clue was the necklace ‘N °5’ The print features in magazine depicts a beautiful photograph of Nicole Kidman in a dark background contrasting with her body- the closing eyes and ambiguous posture: turning away from or about to face the viewers in a beautiful modern black evening gown with her simply perfect up-do hair and her N °5 necklace which is wear to her back. The ads does not contain any words or explanation, only present N °5 with the signature bottle which is constantly shown throughout since the first ads. â€Å"Perfume is intended to contribute to our understanding of gender as performance rather than expression, and of identity as practice rather than essence†10 stated by Angela Partington. Fragrance has always been known as the connotation of identity, as the word ‘wear’ is used to describe the action of using. As can be seen in the 1959 Suzy Parker Chanel N °5 Ads, the tagline ‘Chanel becomes the woman you are’ aimed to create a personal, even intimate connection with the object. It does not promotes how special the product itself is, instead, it makes the individual consumer as an important ingredient. The ads makes consumers feel that it is specific individual ‘you’ who makes it extra unique and special. This advertisement illustration the shift from the emphasize in character as moral and internal sense to ethics to identity as a self focused behavior11. In contrast, the Ads featured Nicole Kidman presents an identity of a fantasy figure of famous star, a break from reality in which all women desire to have in real life. The opposite sex attraction is used as the message of this ads. It puts the audiences in a fantasy world and convince them to believe that using the produce will create the same outcome for them. This shows the values holds in identity of the society which self satisfied identity is not enough, it is more of the relationships to other people, the representation of ‘you’ through others’ eyes. The advertisings of Chanel N °5 in the two ads does not only symbolize the values in identity, it is also a great representation of gender and sexuality values hold in the society as well. Both of the Chanel N °5 Ad depicts women in a beautiful evening gown which certainly is going to attend an important social event. The two ads illustrates the roles of women in the society as a powerful individuals who has social status, not the women in the past who expect to stay home. They are the representation of the equality and balance of gender roles, and what women in the time period are desire to be. As sex roles evolved, with women entering the workforce and pushing for equality, sexual appeals casting the woman as a sex object is no longer a popular and rightful subject to present12. Referring to ‘The Erotic History of Advertising’, there is a shift of the theme of turning on men to representing the power- women in control13. It can be seen in the 1959 Chanel N °5 Ads, as the ad does not have any reference to any sexual attraction, only focusing herself in control of her own identity and representation. The different approach, however, generating the same effects, is taken in the 2004 Nicole Kidman Ads, it is the representation of the current society, how the society control her as a role of super star and how she uses perfume to make a man ‘remember’ or be under her control. It seems like there is a great manner in revisiting the theme of sexual attraction in the society. â€Å"Fragrance is a material, symbolic and visual object, and ‘image’/ fantasy articulating not just luxury and glamour, but a range of desires for transformed bodies, auto-erotic, sensual and socio-sexual experiences. 14 The discussion of gender and sexuality cannot be complete without the discussion of skin explosion as sexuality. Chanel has always been known to represent elegance, glamour and class15 which is why advertisings by Chanel are almost always associate with women attending an event in a beautiful gown . ‘Chanel becomes the woman you are’ ads display elegance in a simply conservative way, as seen through her fashionable dress of ruffles, covering Suzy Parker’s whole body, left only with the main emphasize of her face- her identity. This demonstrate their aim to sell personal identities for self satisfaction which is well supported with the text and tagline. The ads display how the society before may seen the use of sexuality to sell as an unacceptable methods and unfashionable topic to talk about in the society. In contrast, the 2004 Chanel N °5 Ads presents sexuality through various motifs such as the skin which shown through the very low cut back dress and the emotion on Nicole Kidman’s closing eyes. It is clear today that one of the leading marketing trend that would attract people’s enjoyment and attentions would involve more skin as the viewers are no longer limited to women but also to men. However, Chanel have use sexuality in a very elegant way through one technique described by the brand researcher William Baue, ‘focusing on fantasy allowed Chanel to harness the power of sexuality without crossing the border into distaste’16 Fantasy has always been associated with fragrance as a method to create desire17 which is the main motive of advertisement. In both ads, Chanel has chose to represent the brand itself through an actress- an individual whom placed in between the line of reality and dream. In 1959 Ads, even though the focus of the campaign is ‘you’ as a viewer, however, Chanel chose to represent its viewer as Suzy Parker, the famous actress. The connection of reality and fantasy is quietly made in a way that viewers may not even realize the fantasy they are dreaming of. Even through the text in the ads describe the quality and ingredients which makes the perfume becomes you as a person, it also touches on the fantasy aspect in term of the values of gender, power, identity and status described above. In obvious way, the ads featured Nicole Kidman shows and put viewers into a fantasy world in reality. Due to the technological development, the film became dominant part of the campaign allowing viewers to explore, take a break from reality and leave them with a desire- desire to become like Nicole Kidman and putting the message in their face that Chanel N °5 will allow ‘you’ to be like that. The unchanged method of using fantasy as desirable motifs to sell fragrance18 have proved that the women from then and now have and will always been interested and attracts to the word ‘could’, what she could be, what she could do and where she could go- the stage of dreaming. The development of technology allowed the 2004 Nicole Kidman campaign to successfully tell a fantasy story which almost force viewers to create their imagery fancy lifestyle picture in her head, which then lead to the desire to own the object advertised. In conclusion, the different time period advertisement of Chanel N °5 perfume in magazine advertisement demonstrate the shifting values from identity as self satisfaction toward the impressions of others. Advertisement of the two ads has became the reflection of the society’s value in gender, lifestyle, sexuality and desire. Moreover, fragrance will always be sold with a desirable motif through fantasy, it only varied in the term of the presentation method and techniques, mostly through the language of photography and language, that would attracts and communicate the people of the time.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis :: Essays Papers

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been present in the human population for thousands of years; fragments of the spinal column from Egyptian mummies from 2400 BCE show definite pathological signs of tubercular decay. Called "consumption," tuberculosis was recognized as the leading cause of mortality by 1650. Using a new staining technique, Robert Koch identified the bacterium responsible for causing consumption in 1882. While scientists finally had a target for fighting the disease, they did not have the means to treat patients; the spread of infection was controlled only by attempting to isolate patients. At the turn of the twentieth century, more than 80% of the population in the United States was infected before age 20, and tuberculosis was still the leading cause of death. The production of antibiotics in the 1940’s allowed physicians to begin effectively treating patients, leading to huge drops in the death rate of the disease. Tuberculosis is still a major cause of mortality in young adults worldwide, but is less of a problem in developed countries. Microbiological characteristics Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a nonmotile, acid-fast, obligate aerobe. The bacilli are 2-4 um in length and have a very slow generation time of between 15 and 20 hours. The cell wall of the mycobacterium is unique in that it is composed mainly of acidic waxes, specifically mycolic acids. M. tuberculosis is unusually resistant to drying and chemicals, contributing to the ease with which it is transmitted. Encounter/Entry Tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of aerosols containing the tubercle bacilli. The required inoculum size for infection is usually high, but easily occurs with exposure to a patient who is currently infected. The products of dried aerosols, droplet nuclei, are particularly infectious because they remain in the air for an extended time, and upon inhalation easily move to the alveoli. The severe damage related to infection is caused by the reaction of the host. The tuberculosis infection has two phases, primary and secondary. Primary infection Primary tuberculosis is the initial infection of the host, usually being mild and asymptomatic. A healthy person recently infected with the mycobacterium may exhibit flu-like symptoms and has no reason to suspect tuberculosis. Left untreated, the bacilli infect and multiply within pulmonary alveolar macrophages, migrating to the hilar lymph nodes. An immune response is exhibited by the T-helper cells, and inflammation develops at multiple sites. A person may test positive in the tuberculin skin test at this point, and a chest x-ray may shows opacities in the lungs.

Marketing and Catering Services

Company Background SIDAH CATERING SERVICES has been established on 25 January 2003. The company was established to carry out the work of supplying cooked food, drinking water, food, raw, wet, dry, and Catering Services. CATERING SERVICES SIDAH registered with the Ministry of Finance Malaysia in 080100 (beverage), 080200 (wet raw food), 080300 (dried raw food), 0804000 (canned / bottled / sachet), 080501 (Islamic cooked food) .CATERING SERVICES SIDAH have faith and strength ION develop businesses in the future with the success obtained and are being or have been performing service work on Vision School Cafeteria USJ, Subang Jaya, Cafeteria Pharmaniaga, National School Cafeteria Sek. 7, Religious School Cafeteria Sec. 3, Diner School Setia Alam, Restaurant Sidah and some premises in other institutions. The company also undertakes catering services involving several government departments and private organizations. Vision and misson Vision Mision The Fundamental to our approach is our c ommitment to provide the most effective solution to the people.And it is easy as 1†¦2†¦3†¦ To become the most effective Services solution To provide a cost Reasonable and Quality Services solution to the community To provide a multi-featured professional way at a reasonable price to fulfill the satisfaction of the society needs. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. For example: A strength for a business could be: †¢a new, innovative product or service †¢location of your business †¢quality processes and procedures †¢any other aspect of your business that adds value to your product or service. A weakness could be: †¢lack of marketing expertise †¢location of your business poor quality goods or services †¢damaged reputation Opportunities and threats are external factors. For example: An opportunity could be: †¢a developing market such as the Internet. †¢mergers, joint ventures or strategic alliances †¢moving into new market segments that offer improved profits †¢a new international market †¢a market vacated by an ineffective competitor A threat could be: †¢a new competitor †¢price wars with competitors †¢a competitor has a new, innovative product or service †¢competitors have superior access to channels of distribution †¢taxation is introduced on your product or service

Raymond Carver Cathedral Response

The story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver is about one man's understanding and acceptance of a blind man. The narrator represents the story's dominant theme of overcoming prejudice of the blind through personal experience as well as mutual respect. The narrator, who remains nameless, holds deeply unfounded beliefs and stereotypes of what a blind person should be, yet over a relatively short period of time he develops a bond with the blind man, whom at first he privately mocked. The narrator's preconceived notions about blind people are proved false when he meets the blind man (Robert) for the first time.The narrator is not looking forward to having a blind man stay at his home. â€Å"Now this same blind man was coming to sleep in my house† (230). Yet once Robert arrives at his home he is shocked that he does not conform to his idea of the blind. â€Å"But he didn't use a cane and he didn't wear dark glasses. I'd always thought dark glasses were a must for the blindà ¢â‚¬  (232). At supper the narrator begins to see Robert as a capable human being rather than a burden and he remarks that he watched with admiration as Robert used his knife and fork on the meat. He'd cut two pieces of meat, fork the meat into his mouth, and then go all out for the scalloped potatoes, the beans next, and then he'd tear off a hunk of buttered bread and eat that† (233). Suddenly the narrator no longer has much to base his prejudices on. The narrator's understanding of Robert is enhanced when Robert agrees to smoke dope with the narrator despite never trying it before. This brings the narrator and Robert closer together as they share a moment like old friends. Now the narrator is beginning to

Are There Health Benefits to Wine essays

Are There Health Benefits to Wine essays More than 100,000 deaths per year are attributed to alcohol, in the United States. Alcohol-related auto accidents account for approximately 24,000 of these deaths (most often the victims are under 30 years of age), while alcohol-related homicide account for 11,000 and suicide 8,000 deaths. Certain types of cancer, which are partly associated with the consumption of alcohol, contribute to another 17,000 deaths. Alcohol-related strokes are responsible for 9,000 deaths. 25,000 lost lives are due to 12 alcohol-related diseases including cirrhosis of the liver. All these deaths combined are the equivalent of 200 jumbo jetliners crashing and taking the lives of everyone onboard, in just one year. Such numbers are staggering until you realize that it is Coronary Heart Disease that is the number one killer in the United States, not alcohol. There are roughly 900,000 persons admitted to U.S. hospitals for strokes annually and 830,00 admitted for Congestive Heart Failure. Though they are not always fatal, these diseases will leave its victims at varying levels of incapacitation. Looking at specific age groups, cardiovascular disease is the #1 killer of those age 65+ and #2 killer of those age 25 64 This is a political issue for the U.S. with so many lives lost to alcohol-related disease and accidents. Leaders will not be perceived favorably by designating research money to study the health benefits of a drug responsible for damaging so many lives. I believe it is this political climate which limits research in this area, and I believe it is this climate that limits the amount of coverage the media provides about its possible benefits. As I began to research this subject I was intrigued by the vast number of articles and studies on the health benefits of wine. The industry has submitted a number of press releases attempting to counter the negative social stigma alcohol had developed circa 1992 - 98. These articles asi...

Why Powerful Men Behave Badly, Why Powerful Women Dont

Why Powerful Men Behave Badly, Why Powerful Women Don't Why do so many sex scandals involve men of influence and power? Whether theyre politicians, heads of state or business leaders, powerful men are frequently linked to incidents involving cheating, infidelity, prostitution, sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, and other inappropriate behavior toward women. Why do we rarely see powerful women in the same situation? Experts on human behavior suggest it may come down to biology and opportunity. Prolific Equals SurvivalTIME senior editor Jeffrey Kluger reminds us of some basic science: Human males have never been thought of as models of sexual restraint - and with good reason....The goal of any organism, after all, is to ensure the survival and propagation of its genes, and males - far more so than females - are eminently equipped to do that. Even the worlds most reproductively prolific mothers rarely produce more than eight or nine children in a lifetime. Males can conceive everyday, even multiple times a day, and come emotionally hardwired to do just that. What are females hardwired to do? Select and mate with males who will provide good genes and stick around long enough to help ensure their offspring will reach maturity. Preferring Powerful MalesDavid Carrier, a University of Utah biology professor, explains why in the animal kingdom, females prefer powerful males: From the perspective of sexual selection theory, women are attracted to powerful males, not because powerful males can beat them up, but because powerful males can protect them and their children from other males. What physical power and brute strength is to the animal kingdom, political power is to the human race. And the greater the amount of power and control, the greater the access to desirable females and the more opportunity to mate. More Power, More SexDarwinian historian Laura Betzig who has studied sex and politics for decades, ties power to sex  as far back as the royal fertility rites in Sumer nearly 6,000 years ago. Attractive females became a commodity when Egyptian kings demanded beautiful servant girls from their provincial governors. Betzig provides examples across cultures and centuries to illustrate her point: the more powerful a man/monarch/ruler is, the more women he has sex with. She cites R.H. van Guliks survey Sexual Life in China to illustrate the power/sex differential: [Gulik] says that by the 8th century BC, kings kept one queen (hou), three consorts (fu-jen), nine wives of second rank (pin), 27 wives of third rank (shih-fu), and 81 concubines (yu-chi). That was the tip of the iceberg: imperial harems numbered in the thousands. Lesser men kept fewer women. Great princes kept hundreds; minor princes, 30; upper middle-class men might have six to 12; middle class men might have three or four. The Point of Politics is SexBetzig draws comparisons to Darwin and his theory of natural (and sexual) selection which posits that the whole point of competition is reproduction, and sums it up simply: To put it plainly, the point of politics is sex. Much has changed since ancient China. Most of the world does not regard the unfettered conquest of females as either politically prudent or culturally acceptable. Yet some political leaders (especially married ones) still behave as if the more women they bed, the better. Sexual HubrisThe Washington Post referred to this as a leaders sexual hubris† and like Betzig, Kluger and Carrier acknowledged that leadership has long been associated with sexual dominance throughout history and within the animal kingdom. Though current social norms create pressure to squelch that sort of behavior, it erupts with such regularity that the Post asked a panel of experts: Why do so many leaders fall prey to confusing power with sexual charisma? Because It CanBusiness owner and consultant Lisa Larson likens sexual hubris to a dog licking its nether regions it happens because it can: As Baron Acton said, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Inappropriate sexual conduct is a form of corruption.... She opines that men may be spurred by two reasons: The first is what I call Revenge of the Nerds....when someone who could achieve great things academically but suffered through romantic rejection during their youth suddenly find themselves in a position to be able to get what they want....The second is what I call the Sally Field syndrome they like me, they really like me....Power is sexy and people in positions of power often find themselves recognized in public, being praised and flattered as never before. Its hard for that not to go to your head. Power as AphrodisiacMarie Wilson, founder and president of The White House Project and the co-creator of Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day, focuses more on the seductive power of power. She acknowledges that the sexual jolt power conveys is rarely discussed: Power is the most potent aphrodisiac. Forget oysters, power is at the top of the menu when it comes to sexual arousal.... We caution powerful people about how their power needs to be carefully used when it comes to making decisions that affect their office or enterprise, but I wonder how many are warned about the new magnetism they suddenly have (and wont have once their power is gone)....Because our sexual power is tied into our ego, as the political ego develops, so may political id... [T]he sexual undercurrent running through politics is strong, and its used all the time openly or behind the scenes. But its a power source that has to be reckoned with in leadership, and one that is all to rarely discussed outside of the lascivious details when a scandal erupts. Equal Opportunity CorruptionWilson doesnt believe that powers sexual potency is gender specific. She shares her own experience of winning a local election and finding that men contacting her were interested in more than constituent services. Like Wilson, Kluger also acknowledges that power and sex can corrupt women just like men and describes the work of Larry Josephs, a professor of psychology at Adelphi University, who uses a new measure of behavior thats called the dark side: Men, certainly, arent the only people who abuse their power sexually. Women exhibit the dark side...too, and can become accustomed to power and its perks as easily as a man can. Whats more, testosterone, a primal driver of dominance behavior, is not the exclusive province of men either. Women produce testosterone just like men do, even if at different levels, says Josephs. That means women have testosterone-driven tendencies as well, and that pays dividends. Dominant animals tend to be more reproductively successful whether theyre male or female. Its true that very few headlines highlight the sexual indiscretions of powerful women and no politically prominent female thus far has been accused of rape or sexual assault. But that may change as increasing numbers of women rise to positions of political power. Women have been seeking the same opportunities as men for centuries. Once those opportunities are realized and we achieve some semblance of equality, will we successfully avoid the dark side or victimize others as weve been historically victimized? Sources:Betzig, Laura. Sex in History.  Michigan Today, michigantoday.umich.edu. March 1994.Kluger, Jeffrey. The Caligula Effect: Why Powerful Men Compulsively Cheat. TIME.com. 17 May 2011.Larson, Lisa. The female advantage. views.washingtonpost.com. 11 March 2011.Pearlstein, Steve and Raju Narisetti. A leaders sexual hubris? views.washingtonpost.com. 11 March 2010.Standing up to fight. Terradaily.com. 23 May 2011.Wilson, Marie. Beware new leaders. views.washingtonpost.com. 12 March 2010.

Avoiding Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Avoiding Plagiarism - Essay Example Even figures and statistics are not genuine under similar scenarios which are a real bane if seen from the corrective settings of academic writing, etc. It is best to make use of sources which are well-known and deemed as credible right from the outset of things. Another difficulty lies in the sources which are in an online capacity. Due to broken links sometimes the online sources are not found which leaves a real bad taste in the mouth for people who are the readers of such academically written pieces. At times, the web links are shifted to other websites which is also a bad omen for academic writing. This could be regarded as a serious case of plagiarism if the source is not found. Hence it is significant to find the sources which have been made use of, as these would validate the data and information that has thus been used. The steps that would be taken to ensure that citations are done properly comprise of finding out the exact credible links which will be used, the people upon whom the genuineness would be considered important and lastly the avoidance of already plagiarized text within the academic writing piece. It might just be a fact that the text which is being made use of has already been plagiarized somewhere else (Moore 2005). This is a real bane if seen within the correct settings and it could pose to be a huge problem. Such issues need to be avoided in order to keep away from plagiarism in the sheer sense of the word. Plagiarism brings to light such issues that could be avoided in the first place so that the written piece is not marred by any stretch of imagination. There could be other steps that are taken in order to ensure the sources are not used in a wrong manner. Anti-plagiarism software can be used which will keep at a safe distance the plagiarizing aspects and thus the academically w ritten piece could be regarded as genuine and authenticated by all means and ways. In short,

Musical Instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Musical Instruments - Essay Example It will concentrate on their distinction and similarities in terms of structure, performance techniques, occasion when they are played, and their historical context. The origin of the Arabic oud is often associated with Biblical history. A myth tells the story of Lamech, the sixth grandson of Adam who is extremely grieved by the death of his son. Thus, being unable to contain his grief, he hung his son's remains in a tree. The first oud is said to have been inspired from the shape of Lamech's desiccated skeleton (Parfitt 2). The Arabic oud is described as a pear-shaped, stringed instrument similar to lute which is commonly used in Middle Eastern music (Oud 1). It should be noted that both the oud and the lute are derived from the Arabic term al-ud which is literally translated as "wood." Gianfranco Lotti also suggests that "the 'wood' appellation originally carried derogatory connotations, because of proscriptions of all instrumental music in early Islam (Oud 2)." The exact date when the oud is created can never be accurately determined. However, evidence showing the earliest usage of this musical instrument dates back to the Uruk period in Southern Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) which is 5000 years ago. Dr. Dominique Collon acquired a cylinder seal which shows the picture of a "female crouching with her instruments upon a boat, playing right handed" (Parfitt 3). It should be noted that aside from this pictorial record, the oud appears all throughout the Mesopatamian history highlighting its importance in the civilization and culture. Throughout time, the original structure of the oud has been rather modified due to the social changes. The oud is consists of a "large soundbox connected to a short neck, features that give it its letters patent of nobility and distinguished it from the long-necked lute family" (Parfitt 4). The body of the oud which is originally pear-shaped has been transformed into a more swelling and rounded one. Since the oud is used by many countries, its structure also varies with according to its regional origin. There are three varieties of Arabic ouds: Syrian which are slightly larger, longer-necked, and lower in pitch; Iraqi which are generally similar to Syrian oud but with floating bridges which focuses the mid-range frequencies and gives the instruments a guitar-like sound; and Egyptian which has a more-pear shaped body, slightly different tone, very ornate, and highly decorated (Oud 4). However, amidst the differences and variations which appeared, the Arabic oud still has distinct and defining features that separate it from other musical instruments. Compared to other stringed instruments, the Arabic oud is distinctive because of the number of its sound-holes. The oud generally has one to three sound-holes. Furthermore, the ouds body contains a staved, bow-like back which resembles the back of half watermelon allowing it to resonate and produce a more complex tone. The Arabic oud also has a pegbox which is bent at 45-90 angle from its neck. This musical instrument is also distinctive because of its eleven strings. It should be noted that the first ten are arranged in pairs while the eleventh remains single. The Arabic oud, is also differentiated from other plucked instruments because

Site plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site plan - Case Study Example Such information can be acquired by conducting a SWOT analysis of the business in attempts to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats affecting the business. This work evaluates the provided plan of a proposed cupcake shop along the beach by using the SWOT Analysis. In any business, it is vital to assess the industry in order to be fully informed of the requirements. It is essential to have credible information regarding the targeted customers and their needs. The intended business has to meet and satisfy the needs of the targeted customers. If the business achieves this objective efficiently, chances of success are high. Therefore, as far as this proposed business is concerned, SWOT analysis will provide the necessary information to make the business a success. Strengths The site location’s strength is based on the demographics of the area. The demographics, according to Russ (2009) give a person the idea of the population surrounding the area. Since th e site is supposed to host a cup cake studio, the area demographics, which includes the beach, is suited for the site location. People of different age groups love the beach, and this is an opportunity to serve these people with cupcakes. The beachgoers love to relax as they enjoy themselves with their favorite snacks and beverages. Therefore, the fact that there is a cup cake shop near the beach is an advantage to the business since it is near the targeted customers. Also, because the business is located on the first building accessible from the beach is an advantage. Had the business been located in other buildings far away from the beach, proximity could have been affected. It is imperative to have a business located in a place easily accessible to customers. Easier proximity to a business plays a significant role in the growth and development of the business. When customers can easily access the business, the business is guaranteed to succeed. Furthermore, the immediate surround ing area has numerous apartments that will provide the proposed business with the required customer base for the business to

English Literature Essay Example for Free

English Literature Essay On my personal perception, â€Å"art† is composition of own personal – views, beliefs, and felling. Moreover, my representation of â€Å"art† can be in from of – painting, photography, sculpture and music, which are all composed through inspirations and personal characteristics. Personally I am an art fanatic, which I have deeper appreciation on various art pieces like – painting and photography. Furthermore, art for me is an outlet in which a person or an artist releases his or her inner – desire, characteristics, which is known as normally, comes out with art masterpiece. Also, my personal perception on â€Å"art work† is a representation of the present situation or current feelings of the artist in which he or she releases in an artistic way. Also, my own personal view on â€Å"art work† is that it represents not just the current situation or feelings of the artist rather it is as well a reflection of the artist himself. Personally speaking, â€Å"art work† will be more effective as a representation of a certain situation or feelings as a way to transmit a message if the piece is realistically done or composed. On the other hand, â€Å"Gustave Courbet† as an artist is the perfect model of a great â€Å"artist of realism†. With his unquestionable excellence of realism in all of his art works, the native French artist Gustave Courbet was considered to be the most influential realist artist, which had released major art works of realism that received large number of appraisal from both ancient and contemporary artist world wide. At present time it is considered that Gustave Courbet was consider as one of the major artist who had influence the artist through his art works and his profound views to realism. Moreover, one of the most fantastic work of art Gustave Courbet had composed is his representation of â€Å"The Desperate Man†. This painting of Gustave Courbet â€Å"The Desperate Man† was released way back 1844 – 45, which is no doubt wonderful work of art. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) My own personal thoughts on the painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† is that it is a representation of the artist himself Gustve Courbet. As and artist Gustave Courbet had been through a lot of difficulties and challenges before he had reach the success for his art work. My own personal thoughts about his painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† is that Gustave Courbet is experiencing desperation or dilemma in his personal life on the moment he was composing the painting. Furthermore, my thoughts on painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† is that the man in the painting is really in desperation in which he was willing to do anything satisfy or overcome his frustration. Also, my thoughts on the painting is a representation of a man who is having a serious dilemma in his life in which he is asking for some help to handle and overcome his desperation. On the other hand, my personal thoughts on the painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† by Gustave Courbet had vary by the time I saw the painting in real life. With the personal encounter on the painting my thoughts had changed in which I can see person in the painting as a man who was asking or begging for help. Moreover, when I personally saw the painting in real life my personal thought is that The Desperate Man† is a representation of a hopeless guy who tries to survive in his dilemma in which at the certain point the painting mirrors his shout for help to enlighten his dark situation. Also, my thoughts on the painting had changed when I saw the art work personally that I thought the man is verge losing hope to resolve his dilemma, which the painting represents the aspiration of the man to see light out of his dilemma. On the other hand, my personal analysis on the painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† is that Gustave Courbet as an artist represented a realistic situation of a desperate man in which painting definitely transmits the message of the current situation and feelings of the man. Furthermore, my personal analysis on the painting â€Å"The Desperate Man† is that it defines the profound perception or views of â€Å"Gustave Courbet† on realism. Works Cited The Metropolitan Museum of Art (2008), Gustave Courbet: Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://www. metmuseum. org/special/gustave_courbet/more. asp

The Subtle Art of Feminism Essay -- Film Analysis India

Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel, Water, realistically presents the circumstances of women and, in particular, widows in 1938 Colonial India. It exposes the gender inequality and double standards that govern that society for no other reason than that is what tradition dictates. Sidhwa presents complexities in her characters, which make them very human and very real, and the widows’ reactions to each other and to the world outside of the ashram create a feminist message. Water poses the problem of gender inequality in India by presenting a realistic and typical situation, and it allows the readers to draw their own conclusions while experiencing the intricacies of the Indian culture. The most obvious example of inequality or mistreatment of women is Chuyia’s situation of becoming a bride and soon after a widow at age eight. By becoming a widow she is forced into the ashram and into isolation from the rest of society. This is a situation that is common in India due to the fact that tradition dictates â€Å"a woman is recognized as a person only when she is one with her husband† (Sidhwa 14). It shows that society views women as worthless unless they are under the control and service of a man. Furthermore, this tradition means that women are married off as soon as possible as to secure their future and purpose in life, while men are able to wait longer to marry. In Indian culture, men are worth more than women, and the novel shows this fact by contrasting Chuyia’s marriage situation with Narayan’s situation. Chuyia has no say in who she must marry because she is female, and her marriage is entirely dependent on her father, who mar ries off six-year-old Chuyia to a forty year old man. Even though Chuyia’s mother tries to stop the marriage a... ...t â€Å"By drifting almost unnoticeably from the commonplace to the horrific, Water implicates the reader† (Jaiarjun). It does more than rant about a feminist agenda; it calls the readers to action by deeply involving them first-hand in the atrocities that are taking place against women. Works Cited Arora, Kamal, Saydia Kamal, and Usamah Ahmad. "Water: Drenched in colonial benevolence." Seven Oaks. 05 Oct 2005. Web. 13 Apr 2010. . Seton, Nora. "Honoring the abandoned." Houston Chronicle (2006). Web. 5 Apr 2010. . Sidhwa, Bapsi. Water. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books Limited, 2006. Print. Singh, Jaiarjun. "Whirlpools on the Ghats." Indian Express (2006). Web. 5 Apr 2010. .

Home Alarm Case Essay

1) What is the LTV (looking 8 years out) of a customer who used auto-pay? The Life time value of a customer who used auto-pay is $1670.69 (LTV net of acquisition costs= $1373.69) 2) 2)What is the LTV (looking 8 years out) of a customer who did not use auto-pay? The Life time value of a customer who did not use auto-pay is $1361.87 (LTV net of acquisition costs= $1064. 87) 3) What is the maximum amount that Home Alarm could spend on customer and salesperson incentives to convert a residential customer to auto-pay? The maximum amount that could be spent should be the difference between the Lifetime Value of customers that sign up for non-autopay service ($1064.87) and the LTV for the ones who opted for an autopay service ($1373.69); which is $308,82. So far, Home Alarm doesn’t assign any budget for marketing at the time of sign up, so it could be a good idea to invest this amount ($308,82), or less, for a marketing campaign during the acquisition period, emphasizing the convenience of the automatic payment contract. 4) What new pricing strategies and services should Home Alarm consider to sign up new customers with auto-pay? One strategy to push new customers to sign up with autopay could be offering them the installation for free. In this case the cost of acquisition for each new customer who signs up for the autopay service would be $492 instead of $297. With this option, the lifetime value of each customer who opts for the autopay service will be $1178.69, lower than the amount that could have  been earned had they chosen this solution anyway, but higher than the $1373,69 that the company would earn had they not chosen the autopay. The main problem for this option is that we don’t have any information about the percentage of people that would choose the automatic payment without any incentive; indeed if we assume that 50% of the customer would choose the automatic payment in any case, we would earn 113,82 dollars (1178.69-1064.87) on average for each customer who decides to choose the automatic payment over the non automatic one, but we would lose $195 for each customer that would have chosen this method even without incentives. (Table 1) It could be worthwhile to offer just a reduction of the installation costs. For instance, offering a discount of 50% on the installation cost would increase the LTV of customers that choose autopay over non-autopay by more than $200 and would create a loss of only $97,5 per customer that would have opted for autopay without further incentive. Another strategy could be offering the new customers who opt for an automatic payment service a fixed price for the first three years (not increased by the annual 3% rate). In this case the LTV net of the acquisition costs would be $1305,5, still higher than the one the company would earn whether the customer opts for a not automatic payment. Moreover, offering 8 years of fixed price ($480) is still more profitable than the case in which the chose a not autopay method, but it is, in my opinion, not recommendable, because of the negative effect that it could have on the customer that chose this option before. Indeed they could decide to resign the contract and try to get a new one with the more convenient conditions. (Table 2) 5) What new pricing strategies and services should Home Alarm consider to convert existing customers to auto-pay? Taking in consideration the attrition rate during the past nine years, it seems to be more convenient try to convert the customers as early as possible; indeed the peak of the churn rate is between the third and the fourth year. One solution could be offering discounts for the customers that are willing to switch method, maybe offering them a reduction in the general rate. For example, the customers that opt for convert their payment method  could see their price increase just by 2% per year instead of the 3%. For instance, if the conversion happens during the first year, the LVT net of acquisition costs would be $1243.17 (the retention rate for the first year would be the same of the non autopay situation), significantly higher than the basic case. This numbers are obtained in the optimistic scenario where the attrition rate in case of switch would be exactly the same of the ones who initially chose for the automatic payment. (Table 3) Another option could be offering couple of years with a fixed price, as explained for the new customers.

Finance Test Bank

Chapter 9 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _e___1. Schalheim Sisters Inc. has always paid out all of its earnings as dividends; hence, the firm has no retained earnings. This same situation is expected to persist in the future. The company uses the CAPM to calculate its cost of equity, and its target capital structure consists of common stock, preferred stock, and debt. Which of the following events would REDUCE its WACC? a. The market risk premium declines. b. The flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock increase. . The company's beta increases. d. Expected inflation increases. e. The flotation costs associated with issuing preferred stock increase. __c__2. Duval Inc. uses only equity capital, and it has two equally-sized divisions. Division A's cost of capital is 10. 0%, Division B's cost is 14. 0%, and the corporate (composite) WACC is 12. 0%. All of Division A's projects are equally risky, as are all of Division B's projects. However, the projects of Division A are less risky than those of Division B. Which of the following projects should the firm accept? a. A Division B project with a 13% return. . A Division B project with a 12% return. c. A Division A project with an 11% return. d. A Division A project with a 9% return. e. A Division B project with an 11% return. 2010 Fall Chapter 10 ___b_3. You are considering two mutually exclusive, equally risky, projects. Both have IRRs that exceed the WACC. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Assume that the projects have normal cash flows, with one outflow followed by a series of inflows. a. If the two projects' NPV profiles do not cross, then there will be a sharp conflict as to which one should be selected. . If the cost of capital is greater than the crossover rate, then the IRR and the NPV criteria will not result in a conflict between the projects. The same project will rank higher by both criteria. c. If the cost of capit al is less than the crossover rate, then the IRR and the NPV criteria will not result in a conflict between the projects. The same project will rank higher by both criteria. d. For a conflict to exist between NPV and IRR, the initial investment cost of one project must exceed the cost of the other. e.For a conflict to exist between NPV and IRR, one project must have an increasing stream of cash flows over time while the other has a decreasing stream. If both sets of cash flows are increasing or decreasing, then it would be impossible for a conflict to exist, even if one project is larger than the other. 2010 Fall, FIN 6100, Chapter 11, iClicker Questions __e__1. Which of the following is NOT a relevant cash flow and thus should not be reflected in the analysis of a capital budgeting project? a. Changes in net working capital. b. Shipping and installation costs. c. Cannibalization effects. . Opportunity costs. e. Sunk costs that have been expensed for tax purposes. __a__3. Which of t he following should be considered when a company estimates the cash flows used to analyze a proposed project? a. The new project is expected to reduce sales of one of the company's existing products by 5%. b. Since the firm's director of capital budgeting spent some of her time last year to evaluate the new project, a portion of her salary for that year should be charged to the project's initial cost. c. The company has spent and expensed $1 million on R associated with the new project. d.The company spent and expensed $10 million on a marketing study before its current analysis regarding whether to accept or reject the project. e. The firm would borrow all the money used to finance the new project, and the interest on this debt would be $1. 5 million per year. __c__4. Dalrymple Inc. is considering production of a new product. In evaluating whether to go ahead with the project, which of the following items should NOT be explicitly considered when cash flows are estimated? a. The com pany will produce the new product in a vacant building that was used to produce another product until last year.The building could be sold, leased to another company, or used in the future to produce another of the firm's products. b. The project will utilize some equipment the company currently owns but is not now using. A used equipment dealer has offered to buy the equipment. c. The company has spent and expensed for tax purposes $3 million on research related to the new detergent. These funds cannot be recovered, but the research may benefit other projects that might be proposed in the future. d. The new product will cut into sales of some of the firm's other products. . If the project is accepted, the company must invest $2 million in working capital. However, all of these funds will be recovered at the end of the project's life. __e__7. A firm is considering a new project whose risk is greater than the risk of the firm's average project, based on all methods for assessing risk . In evaluating this project, it would be reasonable for management to do which of the following? a. Increase the estimated IRR of the project to reflect its greater risk. b. Increase the estimated NPV of the project to reflect its greater risk. c.Reject the project, since its acceptance would increase the firm's risk. d. Ignore the risk differential if the project would amount to only a small fraction of the firm's total assets. e. Increase the cost of capital used to evaluate the project to reflect its higher-than-average risk. Chapter 12 iClicker Questions __b__1. Which of the following assumptions is embodied in the AFN equation? a. None of the firm's ratios will change. b. Accounts payable and accruals are tied directly to sales. c. Common stock and long-term debt are tied directly to sales. d. Fixed assets, but not urrent assets, are tied directly to sales. e. Last year's total assets were not optimal for last year's sales. __b__2. The term â€Å"additional funds needed (AFN) † is generally defined as follows: a. Funds that are obtained automatically from routine business transactions. b. Funds that a firm must raise externally from non-spontaneous sources, i. e. , by borrowing or by selling new stock to support operations. c. The amount of assets required per dollar of sales. d. The amount of internally generated cash in a given year minus the amount of cash needed to acquire the new assets needed to support growth. . A forecasting approach in which the forecasted percentage of sales for each balance sheet account is held constant. _b___4. A company expects sales to increase during the coming year, and it is using the AFN equation to forecast the additional capital that it must raise. Which of the following conditions would cause the AFN to increase? a. The company previously thought its fixed assets were being operated at full capacity, but now it learns that it actually has excess capacity. b. The company increases its dividend payout ratio. c. The company begins to pay employees monthly rather than weekly. . The company's profit margin increases. e. The company decides to stop taking discounts on purchased materials. Chapter 13 iClicker Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. __b__1. Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT? a. The corporate valuation model can be used both for companies that pay dividends and those that do not pay dividends. b. The corporate valuation model discounts free cash flows by the required return on equity. c. The corporate valuation model can be used to find the value of a division. . An important step in applying the corporate valuation model is forecasting the firm's pro forma financial statements. e. Free cash flows are assumed to grow at a constant rate beyond a specified date in order to find the horizon, or terminal, value. __a__2. Which of the following does NOT always increase a company's market value? a. Increasin g the expected growth rate of sales. b. Increasing the expected operating profitability (NOPAT/Sales). c. Decreasing the capital requirements (Capital/Sales). d. Decreasing the weighted average cost of capital. e.Increasing the expected rate of return on invested capital. _a___3. Which of the following is NOT normally regarded as being a barrier to hostile takeovers? a. Abnormally high executive compensation. b. Targeted share repurchases. c. Shareholder rights provisions. d. Restricted voting rights. e. Poison pills. Chapter 14 iClicker Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. __d__1. Which of the following should not influence a firm's dividend policy decision? a. The firm's ability to accelerate or delay investment projects. . A strong preference by most shareholders for current cash income versus capital gains. c. Constraints imposed by the firm's bond indenture. d. The fact that much of the firm's equipment has bee n leased rather than bought and owned. e. The fact that Congress is considering changes in the tax law regarding the taxation of dividends versus capital gains. __a__2. Trenton Publishing follows a strict residual dividend policy. All else equal, which of the following factors would be most likely to lead to an increase in the firm's dividend per share? a. The firm's net income increases. b.The company increases the percentage of equity in its target capital structure. c. The number of profitable potential projects increases. d. Congress lowers the tax rate on capital gains. The remainder of the tax code is not changed. e. Earnings are unchanged, but the firm issues new shares of common stock. Chapter 15 iClicker Questions Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. _b___1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. A firm's business risk is determined solely by the financial characteristics of its industry. b.The factors that affect a firm's business risk are affected by industry characteristics and economic conditions. Unfortunately, these factors are generally beyond the control of the firm's management. c. One of the benefits to a firm of being at or near its target capital structure is that this eliminates any risk of bankruptcy. d. A firm's financial risk can be minimized by diversification. e. The amount of debt in its capital structure can under no circumstances affect a company's business risk. __c__2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Increasing financial leverage is one way to increase a firm's basic earning power (BEP). . If a firm lowered its fixed costs while increasing its variable costs, holding total costs at the present level of sales constant, this would decrease its operating leverage. c. The debt ratio that maximizes EPS generally exceeds the debt ratio that maximizes share price. d. If a company were to issue debt and use the money to repurchase common stock, this act ion would have no impact on its basic earning power ratio. (Assume that the repurchase has no impact on the company's operating income. ) e. If changes in the bankruptcy code made bankruptcy less costly to orporations, this would likely reduce the average corporation's debt ratio. Chapter 23 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. __e__1. Which of the following are NOT ways risk management can be used to increase the value of a firm? a. Risk management can increase debt capacity. b. Risk management can help a firm maintain its optimal capital budget. c. Risk management can reduce the expected costs of financial distress. d. Risk management can help firms minimize taxes. e. Risk management can allow managers to defer receipt of their bonuses and thus postpone tax payments.